A philosophical “issue” is typically understood to represent something controversial. Oftentimes, an issue is presented in the form of a question, in response to which different people (Descartes, Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley) have presented different answers and have supported these answers with reasons. Some of the issues we’ve discussed in class appear below:
1. What is really real? That is, what is the makeup of ultimate reality?
2. What is the relation of our own individual ideas to the so-called real world?
3. What is the true nature of the self or soul?
Component 1. (Introduction). For your paper, choose ONE of the issues above. In your introductory paragraph, you should give a clear statement of the philosophical question you are addressing, along with the general opinion that you plan to put forth. This would be your thesis. For example, it could be the case that you find a view introduced by one philosopher to be more convincing than another. Or, it could be the case that you have an opinion of your own that is based in the combining of the views of two different philosophers. Or, you could have a completely separate view of your own, in which case you would show how your own opinion is more convincing than views we’ve discussed during the semester. Or, your overall thesis could be based around why you find a particular view interesting. Or, you could make the case that you have not seen a convincing response to the issue you discuss. Or, you can say that while some philosophers have had some good ideas on a particular issue, something is still missing. These are just some possibilities. Your own opinion about the material is up to you.
The introduction is important because here you explain to reader what is to come in your paper and why the reader should take an interest in reading it. The reader should look forward to finding out about your take on a particular issue and also about how you plan to give support to your own claim. Also, here in your introduction, you should indicate, in a general way, what you plan to say in the remainder of your paper. (20%)
Component 2. (A Discussion of the Literature) In the body of the paper, you’ll discuss your topic in further detail. Here, the course of your discussion will involve the views of two philosophers that we looked at during the semester. Make sure to give a clear description, in your own words, of the philosophical ideas you introduce. (Helpful hints: When you write about any particular philosophical ideas it is helpful to write as if you were addressing a person who is unfamiliar with this material.) If you use any quotations in this section, please make sure that the quotes are not simply speaking for you; rather, whenever you introduce a quote you should take care to explain to the reader in your own words why you find the quote significant and what it is claiming. (50%)
Component 3. (Your Own Conclusions) You should make sure that your paper is presenting some conclusion of your own. You should present reasons why the overall idea you present is the true one or should be accepted. For example, if you do happen to agree with the reasoning of a particular philosopher, it would be important to give reasoning of your own as to why you think that philosopher’s reasons are good ones. Reasons or examples taken from outside the class material can also be helpful. (25%)